This book delves into the history of biometrics, the different systems that have been developed to date, problems that have arisen from these systems, the necessity of AI-based biometrics systems, different AI techniques developed to date (including Machine Learning, Deep Learning, natural language processing, and pattern recognition), their potential uses and applications, security and privacy issues in AI-based Biometric systems, current trends in AI-based biometrics, and presents case studies of AI-based biometrics. The term ‘biometrics’ refers to the distinctive physical or behavioural characteristics of an individual that can be exploited for the purpose of electronic identification and authentication. Among the many types of biometric identifiers, some examples are fingerprints, face traits, speech patterns, and handwriting speed. Each one of these identities can be used independently as a unique identifier for a certain individual, and they can also be used in conjunction with one another to increase the reliability of identification. Today, biometrics are finding an increasing number of applications across a wide range of industries. The utilisation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the field of biometrics is rapidly developing, with the objective of enhancing the dependability, efficiency, and safety of biometric identification systems. There are numerous applications of AI that can be utilised to improve biometric systems.