The monograph is devoted to a comprehensive theoretical study of the ethnic nature of Russians, the Russian people - issues of tradition, ethnic culture and the religious nature of ethnicity. The author refuses the liberal Western paradigm, on which the modern Russian ethnological school is largely built, based on the conditionally subjective nature of ethnicity, which makes it a passive material for the arbitrary construction of an ethnic group. In the presented theoretical model, ethnicity is associated with the collective nature of the people (ethnic group), its uniqueness and uniqueness, which allows it to move in integrity and unity in historical space and time as an independent person who is fully responsible for everything that happens to it. The general ethnic history of the Russian people is still little researched, including in its relationship with the history of the political (state) and cultural history of Russians. The book is intended both for specialists in humanities and for a wide range of readers.